Locomotive feed water heating system and apparatus



0d:- 12, 1937 J. s. CQFFIN, JR., er Al.

LOCOMOTIVE FEED WATER HEATING SYSTEM AND APPARATUS Filed-May 14, 1955 ssheets-sheet 1 Oct. 12, 1937.

J. s. CQFFIN, JR., Er- AL 2,095,239 LocoMoTIvE FEED WATER HEATING SYSTEMAND APPARATUS f Filed May 14, 1955 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 mi, f Tf. i4- ---A.

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LOCOMOTIVE FEED WATER HEATING SYSTEM AND APPARATUS Filed May 14, 1955 3Sheets-Sheet 3 figa.

rrEs PATENT oFFlcE i` LoCoMoTIvE FEED WATER HEATING SYSTEM AND APPARATUSJoel S. Coiiin, Jr., Englewood, N. J., and Christopher A. Schellens,Clifton, Mass., assignors to C.S. rEngineering Company, Englewood,

n N. J., a corporation of Delaware `Application May 14, 1935, Serial No.21,394

' 2s claims. (c1. 122-434) This invention relates to a system andappara- With this arrangement and'with a pumprloated tus for heating thefeed water supplied toa boiler below the bottom of the cold water spaceof `the and lhas particular reference `to locomotive boiltender, asis'usually the case, it is possible to ers wherein the feed waterheating apparatus is have the temperature of the Water in the Waterlocated on the tender of the locomotive. heating compartment of thetender at approxi- One of the objects of the present invention is matelythe boiling point of water at atmospheric an improved formof locomotiveboiler feed water pressure Since the head 0f Water at the Dump inheatingapparatus arranged to provide a constant letcan maintain the pressure onthe flowing hot supply of hot feed water suiiicient at all times Watertherein at, or above, atmospheric pressure y when the locomotive is inservice to meet the and thus the pump can handle theY hot Water 10demands of the boiler for water. Y vwithout its flashing into steam. Ina feed water heating system with which this A further object of theinvention is the Vproviinvention is particularly concerned thevlocomosion oi a water heating Compartment S0 arranged tive boiler issupplied with feed water by a pump, that the hot water is located in thetop portion of l5 usually although not necessarily a turbine driven theCOmlDaYment and the SUCOD pipe f the l5 centrifugal pump, which-receiveshot water from pump` opens into the heating compartment in a heatingcompartment of the tender, the heating the top portio-n only thereof andabove the maxicompartment being at atmospheric pressure and mum waterlevelrof the cold water in the tender being heated usually by lsteamexhausted from so that under normal conditions of operation the thelocomotive cylinders and receiving water cold water of the tender cannotfind its way into from the cold water compartment of the tender. theD11-m10 nlei'h F01' emergency purposes aS, OI' Fromthe standpoint ofeconomy it is desirable instance, when the elevated water level in thethat the boiler feed water temperature be as heating Compartment CaDIlOGbe maintained, il? high as possible which, with a feed water heatisdesirable for the pump to vdraw cold Water diing compartment atatmospheric pressure, is limrectly from the cold water space of the'compart- 25 ited to` the normal peiling point of theV Water.y ment and,for this purpose, the Suction pipe of In ordinary practice, however,Vthe temperature the Dump iS DIOVded With a branch Communiof the feedwater' must be kept considerably below eating directly with the coldwater space, the the maximum possible temperature because of the branchhaving a check valve therein that is norinability of the feed water pumpto handle hot mally maintained closed by the elevated level water, itbeing understood that `the pressure on of water in the heatingcompartment and sucthe water is necessarily reduced at the pump inlettion pipe, but the valve being free to open when not only by the intakevelocity of the water but the water level in the suction pipe dIOlJSmalieto the action of the pump impeller on the water. rially below thelevel of water in the cold Water If the water is exceedinglyhot asufficient reduccompartment. This arrangement constitutes a 335 tion ofpressure, commonly experienced, causes further object of the invention.

v the water to boil or to ash into steam at the Another object of theinvention is to maintain pump inlet and thereby stop or at leastseriously the elevated level of water in the heating cominterfere withthe pumping action. Because of partment by a pump operated concurrentlywith thisraction of the hot water in the pump the -feed the operation ofthe feed water pump to force "40 water temperature of atmosphericheaters, the water into the hot water compartment from the water levelin which corresponds with the cold Coldwater space of the tender, anyexcess Water water level of the tender, cannot utilizeY a highoverflowing from the heating compartment into temperature of theheatedwater. the cold water space, but through the pump inlet,

It is an object of the present invention to mainso thatthe overowingwater together with what 45 tain a level of hot water above the inlet ofthe additional cold `water is required to make up the suction pipe ofthe pump, constantly as high as full `capacity of the pump, can bereturned to the is practicable from the standpoint of space limheatingcompartment. When the .pump is an in- Y itations above the maximum levelof cold water jector operated by a part of the hot boiler feed D ST inthe tender, thereby increasing the pressure on water under pressure ofthe feed water pump 50 the hot water at the pump inlet to such an extheheat of the pumped water is thereby content that the water pressure isdefinitely above served. Furthermore, the overflow is so arranged Ytheboiling pressure of water at that temperature that the overflowing waterisv always relatively and consequently permitting that water of a coldvwater, that is to say, it is water that has higher temperature can behandled by the pump.` not been heated by the heater in .the heating 55compartment and hence there is no loss of hot Water from thecompartment.

Under certain normal conditions of operation hot Water is drawn from theheating compartment, cold water is forced into the compartment and atthe same time the water in the compartment is being heated. In order tomaintain a maximum temperature of hot water under these conditions it ishighly desirable that therebe relatively no comrningling of the hot andcold Water in the heating compartment and means for accomplishing thisresult constitutes a further object of this invention. Y

In carrying out this object of the invention the heating compartment isvertical, that is to say, its greatest dimension is vertically disposedand it has relatively small horizontal dimensions, and the outlet forthe hot water is at the upper part thereof and the inlet for the coldwater is at the bottom part thereof. The heater preferably is of theinjector type operated by exhaust steam from Y the locomotive cylindersand preferably is disposed as nearly as practicable in the middle of thecross section of the heating compartment, and in the upper part thereof.According to Well known principles the hot water introduced into thecompartment tends to remain on top. The heater discharges hot waterslowly and evenly throughout the cross-sectional area of thecompartment, thereby in eifect laying down the hot water in a hot waterstratum that is relatively sharply segregated from the cold Water.

Inasmuch as the direction of water flow through the compartment isvertical the effect is to maintain a zone of Vhot water of uniform orvarying depth depending on the relative rates of heating and feed and azone. of cold water underneath it, the two zones being relativelysharply segregated so that only hot water ows into the entrance of thesuction pipe of the pump. When the heater is operating with no Waterbeing drawn from or forced into the heating compartment the hot waterstratum is of a constantly increasing depth until the entire contents ofthe heating compartment become heated. Such an arrangement constitutes afurther object of the invention.

Heretofore atmospheric Water heating systems have necessitatedthermostatic control of the heating steam. It is an object of thepresent invention to provide a simple arrangement of water heating suchthat the amount of steam supplied to the water for heating it to therequired temperature when taken over a substantial period of time isproportional to the water consumption of the locomotive boiler duringthis time so that the temperature of the boiler feed water can bemaintained practically constant independently of thermostatic controldevices, notwithstanding variable rates of steam discharged by thelocomotive, caused by different loads or different throttle and cut-offsettings, in relation to the arbitrary and sometimes intermittent rateof feed selected by the operator.

The exhaust steam from the locomotive is discharged through a draftnozzle into the locomotive stack. The draft nozzle can have aconsiderable range of dimensions that'are suitable for drafting. Exhauststeam for heating the boiler feed Water is taken from the exhaust steamcavity of the locomotive cylinders, from which cavity exhaust steam alsopasses through the draft nozzle. Thus the flow of heating steam at alltimes can be made a definite part of the total exhaust steam. Inaccordance with the present invention the flow of heating steam is soproportioned to the flow of steam through the draft nozzle, as by properdimensionings of the draft nozzle and the steam orice of the exhauststeam water heater, or the pipe conducting steam from the exhaust steamcavity to the heater, or the like, that the heat content of the steamsupplied to the heater and available for heating the boiler feed wateris such as to heat to the desired temperature an amount of water thatwill at all times be equivalent to the amount of Water, represented bysteam, discharged from the locomotive cylinders. Such an arrangmentconstitutes a further object of the invention.

A further object is generally to improve upon feed water heating systemsand apparatus.

The invention herein described is in the nature of an improvement on theinvention of Joel S. CofIn, Jr., Serial No. 722,498, led April 26, 1934.

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic side elevation of a locomotive and its tenderin association with the feed water heating and supply system embodyingthe present invention.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged side elevation partly in section of the feed waterheating compartment and associated apparatus illustrated in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a plan View of the structure of Fig. 2 taken along line 3-3 ofFig. 2.

Fig. 4 is an end elevation taken along line 4-4 of Fig. l.

Fig. 5 is a section taken along line 5-5 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is a sectional detail of the Water heater in the heatingcompartment.

Fig. '7 is a sectional detail of a temperature responsive valvecontrolling the flow of steam to the heater.

Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic view of the locomotive and heating compartmentand illustrating the relation between the blast nozzle of the locomotiveand the steam nozzle of the feed water heater.

The invention is herein shown applied to a locomotive having the boilerI0, the cylinders I2 and the tender i4. The tender I4 is provided with aforwardly extended cold water leg I6 located on one side of the coalpocket I8, see Fig. 5, and formed by the bottom wall 20, the outer wall22, the inner Wall 24 and the inclined top Wall 26.

The maximum water level in the cold water space l of the tender in theform of tender shown in the drawings is represented by the junction ofthe inclined wall 26 and the outer side wall 22.

The feed water heating compartment comprising a part of the presentinvention is located at the forward end of the water leg I6 and isformed by the aforesaid bottom wall 20, the outer side wall 22 and theinner side Wall 28, the rear Wall 30, and the curved top wall 32, whichhas an opening at the top of the heating compartment removably closed bya cover 34, see Fig. 4.

In accordance with the present invention the heating compartment isvertical, that is to say, its vertical dimension is materially greaterthan its transverse dimension so that the compartment is relatively highand narrow. Preferably the heating compartment is as high as space andclearance limitations will permit so that the top of the compartment andthe normal Water level in the compartment is much -above the maximumheight of cold water in the tender.

Hot water is drawn from the top portion of the heating compartment intothe open upper end of a pump suction pipe 36 which upstands in theheating compartment from the bottom wall thereof "mum cold water levelof the tender.

`and is terminated below the normal water vlevel of the compartment andmaterially above the maxi- The lower rend of the pipe 36 communicatesthrough a hose bag and other piping 40 with? the inlet of a pump 42herein illustrated as a centrifugal pump carried by the locomotivepreferably below the bottom of the tender'and driven by a turbine 44"supplied with steam through a steam line 46 and controlvalve 48 fromthe auxiliary turret 50 ofV the locomotive. High Vpressure hot water isdelivered fromthe pump into aipipe 52' and through a boiler check valve54 into the boiler.

Water pumping means operated concurrently with the boiler feed waterpump 42 is utilized 'to deliver cold water from' the cold water space ofthe tender into the feed water heating compartment. Said pumping meanscomprises an injector 56 located in the bottom part of an intakeAcompartment 58 formed in the forward end of the i boiler feed watersupplied by the boiler feed water i pump 42 through -a pipe 66 thatcommunicates with the vfeed water delivery pipe 52 and through a hosebag 68 with the lower end of the leg 10, see Figs. l and 4, of a siphondisposed within the `heating compartment. Said siphon has its upper endlocated above the normal water level of the heating compartment and alower leg 12 that extends into the bottom portion of the heatingcompartment and connects with a pipe 16 leading to the water nozzle ofthe injector.A The uppermost portion of the siphonfis provided with avacuum breaking valve 18 which is normally closed under the influence ofwater pressure in the siphon but it opens when the feed water pump isidle and the pressure drops to or below atmospheric toV allow air toenter the siphon and thereby to 'pire` vent water from flowing in thereverse direction through the pipe from theinjector.

The injector is provided with a lower water inlet 80 and an upper waterinlet`82 and delivers water through a pipe 84 and into the lower leg 86,see Figs. land 2, of a vacuum breaking siphon located in the waterheating compartment and having another vertical leg or pipe 88, the twopipes being connected in the top portion of the heatingcompartment bythe connecting member 90, The lower end of the pipe or leg 88 terminatesclose to the bottom of the heating compartment'so that the cold waterisdelivered to the bottom of the compartment where there is littlelikelihood of its commingling with the hot water of the upper portion ofthe compartment. n j

Overflow water of the compartment passes intoanother vacuumbreakingsiphon comprising the vertical legs '92 and 94 Iconnected at the top bythe connecting member, 96, the connecting members of the .two siphons 90, 96, being preferably at the same level.` 'They leg 94 communicateswith a pipe 98 that opens into the upper inlet 82 of the injector sothat the overflowing water passes into the injector and can Vbere-introduced into the heating. compartment, thereby conserving the iheat of the overflow water. The lower end of the tender.

leg 92 terminates close above the bottom ofthe heating compartment sothat the water that overflows is cold water except as it may be slightlyheated by the hot pumping water;

The connecting members 90, 96 of the vacuum breaking siphons` areprovided with vent pipes |00, |02, respectively, of substantialcross-sectional area that extend upwardly and are open to the uppermostpart of the heating compartment. The dimensions of the pipes 86, 88

' through which the incoming cold water is passed are suiciently greatso that there is no material water pressure in the interior of theconnecting member 90 and hence no water flows out of the vent pipe |00when the injector is in operation, and the water issues quietly andwithout any material disturbance out ofthe pipe and into the bottom ofthe heating compartment. When the injector ceases to operate and thewater level in the heating compartment descends below the bottom of thewater passage in the connecting member 90 air passes through the ventpipe |00 into the-interior of the siphon and thus prevents the siphoningof the water out of the heating compartment into the cold water space ofthe A similar action takes place with respect to the siphon for theoverflowing water.

The water level in the heating compartment can vary slightly dependingupon whether or not operating the water passages in the connectingmembers 90, 96 can flow more or less full of water so that the waterlevel may be as represented by the line a-a Fig. 2. This level will bethe maximum water level. ating and the feed water pump also is idle coldwater will flow out of the heating compartment until the water level isat the bottom of the water passage in the connecting member 96. Thisvariation in water level is of no particular moment and can if desiredbe reduced by making the water passages in the connecting members 90 and96 shorter in Vertical height and corre-l spondingly longerhorizontally. The water level, however, is at all times materially abovethe maximum water level of the cold water space of the tender. l

An oil skimmer in the shape of a funnel |04 has its large open upper enddisposed slightly above the water level in the heating compartment sothat oil that is introduced into the water through the exhaust steamused for heating and rises to the surface of the water, can be skimmedoif the surface when the water in the compartment surges due to changeof speed of the locomotive, the oil flowing downwardly When the injectoris not operthrough the pipe |06 to the underside of the tender where itis discharged on the track. ,The pipe may also constitute the vent forthe heating compartment that maintains the interior of the compartmentat atmospheric pressure.

The water in the heating compartment is heated preferably by a heater|08 of the steam ejector type.. This heater, as shown in cross sectionin Fig. 6, includes an inverted conical casing |I0 having anjannularhoty water discharge orivce ||2 in communication with a vertical coldwater intake pipe ||4 opening into the bottom part of 'the `heatingcompartment in the cold water zone. The ejector isalso provided with asteam chamloer` ||6 communicating with an annular or substantiallyannular steam orice ||8 which discharges into the water orifice ||2anduinduces a flow of water, the steam condensing and thereby heatingthe water. Y l

The heater is located in the middle of the cross section of the heatingcompartment somewhat below the Water level. The construction andarrangement of the heater is such that hot Water flows relatively slowlytherefrom so as not deleteriously to agitate the water in thecompartment and the hot water is distributed as a sheet or layer acrossthe compartment. With this arrangementl definite stratification orsegregation of the hot and cold water zones in the compartment can beobtained when water is being drawn from and iiows into the compartment.The direction of water movement in the vcompartment is upward so thatwhen water is fed into and drawn from the compartment, a good separationof the hot and cold water zones is obtained. When the locomotive is notworking and no steam is passing into the compartment as hot water isdrawn from the upper portion, the zone of hot water at the top isconstantly diminishing in depth. When the heater is operating withoutwater being drawn from the heating compartment the hot water zoneprogressively increases in depth until the entire contents of thecompartment are ultimately brought to maximum temperature. In themeantime the water level in the locomotive boiler has been drawn down toa level at which it is necessary to withdraw water from the compartmentfor feed and in order to restore the boiler water level to its originalvalue feeding will have to be continued after the locomotive ceasesworking or will have to be carried on at a greater rate than steam isbeing evaporated. During this time the hot water zone progressivelycontracts in depth until the locomotive boiler is full when the abovecycle may be repeated.

The ejector heater operates to deliver hot water at Ya more or lessconstant temperature irrespective. of the exhaust steam pressure. Thatis to say, a higher steam pressure, for instance, induces aproportionally higher flow of cold water so that the water temperaturein the upper part of the heating compartment tends to remainapproximately uniform, and a storage of heat, which occurs when theboiler feed water pump is shut off, manifests itself by a deepening ofthe hot water zone rather than by an increase of temperature of the hotwater.

If on the other hand water is evaporated at about the same rate at whichWater is being fed the depth of the hot .water zone remainssubstantially constant. The present invention contemplates proportioningthe volume of the hot water compartment in a more or less defined ratioto the volume of Water in the locomotive between the high and low gaugeglass levels depending on whether the feed and working of a particularlocomotive is alternating as. in switching service or coordinated as inroad service, the switching service requiring a larger compartment.

Steam is supplied to the heating ejector by a pipe |20 whichcommunicates with the steam chamber ||6 of the ejector at its lower endand with the outlet of a thermostatically operated control valve |22illustrated in cross section in Fig. '7. Steam enters the valve |22through a vertical pipe |24, the pipes |20 and |24 together with thevalve |22 forming a vacuum breaking siphon functioning in an obviousmanner. The lower end of the pipe |24 receives steam through a ,hose bag|26, see Fig. l, piping |28, and a check valve |30 from the exhauststeam cavity |32 of the locomotive cylinders so that steam is availablefor operating the 'heater whenever the locomotive cylinders are suppliedWith steam.

The valve |22 is constructed essentially as described in the copendingapplication of Joel S. Coliin, Jr., Serial No. 744,298, filed April 26,1934, and as described and claimed in the copending application ofGeorge W. Emery, Serial No. 742,257, filed August 31, 1934, bothapplications and the present application having a common assignee. Saidvalve |22 has a steam inlet passage |34 and an outlet passage |36, theiiow of steam between which is controlled by a valve member |38responsive to pressure differences on opposite sides of a piston |40operating in a cylinder |42, the upper end of which is open to the inletpassage |34 and the lower end of which is closed by a cover |44. Thearrangement is such that when the pressure difference on opposite sidesof the piston |40 acts in a Vdownward direction it eiiects the closingof the valve |38. A resultant pressure on the piston in the oppositedirection eliects the opening of the valve. Pressure iiuid in the inletpassage |34 can leak into the cylinder on the underside of the pistonthrough a suitable leak passage |46. Thus if the valve |38 is initiallyclosed and the space beneath the piston is closed andV at a lowerpressure than that existing in the inlet passage |34, steam can flowinto the closed lower end of the cylinder and more or less equalize thepressure on both sides of the piston so that the pressure actingdirectly on the underside of the valve |38 can open the valve. Theoperation of the valve is controlled by a pilot valve |48, see Fig. 2.This valve is of common construction and is open and closed in responseto the temperaturel of the water in the heating compartment by athermostatic bulb |50. The valve |48 controls the opening and closing ofthe vent passage |52 of the lower part of the cylinder |46 of the mainvalve |22. The arrangement is such that when the temperature of theWater in the heating compartment reaches a selected high point the pilotvalve |48 is caused to be opened to allow the cylinder on the undersideof the piston |40 of the valve to vent freely into the atmosphere in thetop of the heating compartment, thereby to effect the closing of thevalve. When the temperature of the Water` drops to a selected loW pointthe valve |48 is caused to be closed thereby permitting pressure to bebuilt up on the underside of the piston |40 of the main valve to effectthe opening of the main valve and allow steam to flow into the heater. ASiphon breaking check valve |53 is in the Vent passage |52.

With the present'invention the use of the thermostatically controlledValve |22 While perhaps desirable for some installations is notimperative for all installations. As a part of this invention thearrangement of the heater and its steam supply is such that the heatsupplied to the water is so proportioned to the amount of water,discharged as steam, consumed by the locomotive boiler that the waterpassing to the feed water pump is heated to approximately a, constanttemperature. The exhaust steam cavity |32 of the locomotive cylinders,see Fig. 8, discharges` exhaust steam into the draft nozzle |54 of thelocomotive boiler. Thus when the engine cylinders are taking steam thetotal steam exhausted from the engine cylinders is discharged throughthe orifice |56 of the draft nozzle and the oriiice ||8 of the waterheater. Hence each orifice passes a certain definite proportion of thetotal exhaust steam, which'proportion depends mainly upon l' the'relative cross-sectional'areas of the orifices. This proportion is'constant regardless of variations of amount of exhaust steam except asthe proportion may be varied slightly with diiferent amounts of exhauststeam dueto pipe friction and the like.y Since the weight of exhaust`steam exhausted at any given time ultimately has to be made up by anequal weight of water delivered into `the boiler and since the waterheating effect obtained by condensing the steam is greater than the heatrequired to raise an equivalent weight of water to approximatelytheboiling point at atmospheric pressure, it follows `that vby passing adeinite proportion of they total amount of exhaust steam into the feedwater heater the feed water required to make up for boiler waterconsumed as'stearn can be heated automaticallyto the desiredtemperatureby the time it is needed in the boiler. To this end the crosssectional area of the steam orifice H8 of the water heater bears acertain denite relation to the cross sectional area of the orice L56 ofthe draft nozzle as to effect the desired result with any particularlocomotive with which the feed water heating system is associated. Thisrelation can also be obtained by suitable dimensioning of the exhauststeam pipe to the heater, and thelike.

The water `capacity `of the heating compartment when the locomotive`service is such that evaporation and feed take placealternately isintended to be approximately equal to the volume of water contained inthe locomotive boiler on the gauge glass. With this intermittentoperation of the feed water system there will be a time when the boileris iilled with water to the high water level and the heating compartmentis filled with cold water. `With the ratio of priiice areas in the Waterheater and in the draft nozzle above referred to by the time the waterin the boiler has descended to the `low water level the amount of steamthat has beenpassed into the water heater vwill be just sufficient toheat the water inthe heating compartment to the desired temperatureregardlessV of the variableness of the rate at which the water in theboiler has been converted into steam and exhausted from the enginecylinders and, of course, assuming no heat losses in the heating`compartment due to radiation and the like which can be suitablycompensated for. The feed water pump can then be set in operation todischarge Ythe hot water into the boiler and replenish the'water supplytherein. The same heating eect takes 1 place even though the pump isstarted say when only half the water between high and low water levelmarks of the boiler gauge glass has been consumed and the locomotivecontinues working. 1n this case the heating compartment will beapproximately half full of vheated water, the hot water being in theupper portion of the compartment. The pump takes water from the heatingcompartment but the steam heater lays down a constantly replenishedstrata of hot water lso that Y the pump always receives the hot waterdischarged from the heater free from any material commingling with thecold waterthat may occupy the lower portion of the compartment. Thus theboiler is at all normal times supplied with hot water so that the use ofthe thermally controlled valve 33 is not imperative.

B y having the waterY level of the heating compartment a substantialdistance above the maximum water level of cold water in the tender thepressure on the pump inlet is increased so handled by the kpump can beat some constant.

high value since it is not inuenced by and does not have to decreasewith the decreasing cold water level of the tender.

1n the event of failure of the injector 56 to maintain the normal highwater level in the heating-compartment and the water level therein dropsbelow the top of the pump suction pipe and materially below the coldwater level in the tender, means are provided to permit the pump to drawcold water directly from the cold water space of the tender. yFor thispurpose a pipe Hi8, see Figs. 1, 2 and 3, is connected with the bottompart of the suction pipe 36 at the bottom of the heating compartment andpasses through the rear wall 3l] thereof into the bottom of the intakecompartment 58 where it terminates in a check valve |60. .The checkvalve is normally closed by the elevated head of water in the heatingcompartment but is free to be opened by the lack of head Yof water inthe heating compartment, or the pump suction pipe |50, thereby to permitthe pump to draw water directly from the cold water space of the tender.Cold water will be drawn by the pump, however, onlyv when the waterlevel in the heating compartment drops below the top of the pump suctionpipe. Y

We claim: Y

. l. Locomotive boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a tenderhaving a cold water space, a vertical Yheating compartment having anormal water level materially higher than the maximum cold water levelin said space, means for heating the water in said compartment operativeto draw water from the bottom part of said compartment and to deliverheated water to the partment that has a normal ,water level above thetop of said cold water space,'means for introducing water from said coldwater space into the lower part of said heating compartment, a suctionpipe opening into said heating compartment under the normal water leveland in the upper part of said compartment, a feed water pump drawing hotwater through said suction pipe, and heating means for the water in saidheating compartment drawing 'water from the lower part of and deliveringhot Water into the upper part of said compartment.

3. Boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a cold water space, awater heating compartment that has a normal water level above the top ofsaid cold water space, a suction pipe opening into said heatingcompartment under the normal water level and above the top of said coldwater space, a feed water pump drawing hot Water through said suctionpipe, heating means for the water in said compartment, a pipecommunicating between said suction pipe and thebottom part of said coldwater space, and a check valve in said latter pipe so disposed -ingtherethrough and irrespective of the relathat it normally is maintainedclosed by the higher head of water in said suction pipe.

4. Locomotive boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a tenderhaving a source of cold water, a tall, narrow heating compartment on thetender, a pump drawing hot water from the top of said compartment, meansoperated by said pump for introducing cold water from said source intothe bottom part of said compartment, water heating means for the waterof said compartment, and steam supply means for'said heating means, saidheating means being characterized by maintaining stratified bodies ofhot and cold water in the upper and lower parts of said compartment whenwater is owtive rates of flow of hot water out of said compartment andsteam into said heating means.

5. Locomotive boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a tenderhaving a source of cold water, a tall, narrow heating compartment on thetender, a pump drawing hot water from the upper part of said compartmentabove the maximum water level of said source of cold water, meansintroducing cold water into the bottom part of said compartment, andheating means located near the top of said compartment for heating thecold water in said compartment and delivering the hot water to the upperpart of said compartment in a stratum that is isolated from the coldwater.

' 6. Locomotive boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a tenderhaving a source of cold water, a tall, narrow heating compartment on thetender, a pump drawing hot water from the upper part of said compartmentabove the maximum water level of said source of cold water, meansintroducing cold water from said source into the lower part of saidcompartment, and a heater for the water in said compartment having meansby which the heated water is delivered substantially uniformlythroughout the crosssectional area of said compartment in the upperportion thereof segregated from the cold water in the compartment.

7. Locomotive boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a tenderhaving a cold water source, a tall vertical heating compartment onthetender having relatively small horizontal dimensions, a pump drawinghot water from the upper portion of said compartment, means introducingcold water from said source into the lower portion of said compartment,and heating apparatus comprising a steam ejector drawing water from thecold water part of said compartment and having means for delivering hotwater in a substantially continuous annular sheet horizontally in theintermediate part of said compartment.

8. Locomotive boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a tenderhaving a cold water source, a tall vertical heating compartment on thetender having relatively small horizontal dimensions, and a hot wateroutlet at the top and a cold water inlet at Ythe bottom, and heatingmeans for the water in said compartment comprising a steam injectorlocated between said outlet and inlet having an. annular generallyhorizontal discharge nozzle located generally in the Vertical axis ofsaid compartment and having an inlet in the lower part of saidcompartment for drawing water from the cold water portion of saidcompartment and delivering a substantially continuous annular sheet ofhot water horizontally in the upper part of said compartment.

9. Locomotive boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a tenderhaving a source of cold water, a vertical heating compartment on thetender having relatively small horizontal dimensions, a pump for drawinghot water from the upper portion of said compartment, means forintroducing cold water into the bottom portion of said compartment sothat the flow of water through said compartment is in a verticaldirection when said pump and said means is operating, and means forheating the flowing water in said compartment at the time hot water isdrawn therefrom in such manner as to maintain a body of hot water aboveand segregated from the body of cold water.

10. Locomotive boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a tenderhaving a source of cold water, a heating compartment on the tender, aheater for the water in said compartment, a pump for introducing coldwater from said source into said heating compartment, and overow meansfor excess water in said heating compartment conducting cold water fromthe lower part of said compartment to the'inlet of said pump.

11. Locomotive boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a tenderhaving a source of cold water, a heating compartment on the tender, apump drawing hot water from said compartment, an injector operated bythe pressure hot water of said pump for delivering cold water from saidsource into said heating compartment, a heater-in said compartmentdelivering hot water to the upper portion of said compartment above thecold water in the bottom portion thereof, and overflow means for saidcompartment conducting cold water therefrom into the inlet of saidinjector.

12. Locomotive boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a tenderhaving a source of' cold water, a heating compartment on the tender, apump drawing hot water from said compartment, an injector operated bythe pressure of the hot water of said pump for delivering cold waterfrom said source into said heating compartment, a heater in saidcompartment delivering hot water to the upper portion of saidcompartment above the cold water in the bottom portion thereof, andoverflow means for said compartment conducting cold water therefrom intothe inlet of said injector, said injector having another inlet receivingcold water directly from said source.

13. Locomotive boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a tenderhaving a cold water` space and a heating compartment, heating means insaid compartment taking cold water from the lower portion and deliveringhot water into the upper portion of said compartment, a pump drawinghot-water from the upper portion of said compartment, means introducingcold water from said cold water space into the lower portion of saidcompartment, and overflow means for said compartment having an inlet inthe lower portion of said compartment for conducting cold water onlyfrom said compartment.

14. Locomotive boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a tenderhaving a heating compartment, means drawing hot water from one portionof said compartment, means introducing cold water into another portionof said compartment, heating means taking cold water from the cold waterportion of said compartment and delivering hot water into the hot waterportion of said compartment, and overflow means conducting cold wateronly from said compartment, said overflow means comprising a siphon pipehaving one leg open to the cold water zone of said compartment and theother legopen outside of and below n the water level in said compartmentand its bend at the normal water level and vented to the prisinga siphonpipe having its bend vented'to the atmosphere located at a point abovethe water level in said cold water compartmentsand Yhavring one leg opento the bottom portion of said heatinglcompartment and its other leg opento said cold water compartment, aheater for the water in said heatingcompartment, a pump for drawing hot water from the upper portion of saidcompartment, and means for introducing water from-said cold watercompartment into the bottom portion of said heating compartment.

16. Boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a cold watercompartment, a heating compartment that is` higher than sai-d cold watercompartment, a siphon for returning excess cold water from said heatingto said cold water compartment and for limiting the high .water level insaid heating compartment at a point that is higher than the top of saidcold water compartment, a pump for drawing `hotlwater from the upperportion of' said heating-compartmennmeans for introducing cold waterfromsaid cold water compartment intothe bottom portion of said heatingcompartment, an-d means for heating cold water from the bottom portionof said heating compartment and delivering the heated water in the upperportion of said heating compartment segregated from the cold watertherein. f

17. Locomotive boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a tall andnarrow heating compartment, a. pump for drawing .hot water from theupper portion of said compartment, means for introducing cold water atlow velocity into the bottom portion of said compartment, and

heating means for drawing cold water from the.

bodies of hot and cold water above and below the heating means aresubstantially stratified.

18.,Boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a cold watercompartment, a heating compartment having a water level higher than thewater level in said cold water compartment,V

and means for introducing cold water from. said cold water compartmentinto said heating compartment, comprising a pumphaving an inlet open tosaid cold water` compartment below the water level thereof, and a siphoninto one leg of which said pump discharges, said Siphon having its otherleg open to the bottom portion of said heating compartment and havingits bend located at least at the water level of said heating compartmentand vented to the atmosphere.

19. Boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a cold watercompartment, a heating compartment having a waterlevel higher' than thewater level in said cold water compartment, and means for introducingcold water from said cold water compartment into said heatingcompartment, comprising a'pumpuhaving an inlet open t'o said cold watercompartment below .the water level.thereof,"a siphonfinto one leg ofwhich said pump discharges; said'siphon having its other leglopen`tol-the bottom portion of said heating compartment and having its bendlocated at least at the water level `of said heating compartment andvented, to the atmosphere, and an overflow siphon for saidzvheatingcompartment having one leg open at the bottom portion of said heatingcompartment and its other leg open to vsaid cold water compartment andits bend lo-cated at the water level of said heating compartment andvented to the atmosphere.

20. Boiler feed water heating apparatus com-- prising a cold watercompartment, a vertical heating compartment higher than the top of saidcold water compartment and having' relativelysmall horizontaldimensions, a siphon in said heating compartment for determining thewater level therein having one leg open to the bottom portion of saidheating compartment and its other leg open to said cold watercompartment, and its bend located.` above the top of said cold watercompartment and vented to the atmosphere, an injector for forcing waterfrom said cold water compartment into said heating compartment having aninlet openinginto `said cold water compartment,.a siphcniinto whichsaid: injector delivers water, said Siphon having one leg, connectedtothe outlet of said injector and its other erid` opening into lthebottom 'portion vof saidI heatingt compartment and its bend located atleast notbelow the water level in said heating compartment and vented tothe atmosphere, a suction pipe insaid heating compartment having. itsope-n upper end disposed under the water level inl said 'heatingcompartment and above the top Vof said cold water compartment, a pumpdrawing hot water through said suction pipe,` and a heater in saidheating compartment v'drawing cold water from the lower portion thereofVand `delivering the h-eatedfwater inI an :annular stream cro'sswise oi'said heating compartment. l 21. Locomotive boilerA feed ,waterVheatingapparatus compsing the combination with the 1ocomotive boiler,its cylinders and draft nozzle of a heating compartment having a watercapacity approximately equaling` that of the boiler capacity betweenhigh and low Water levels, an exhaust steam` water heater for the waterof said heating compartment vhaving a steam. orilice discharging steaminto the water, means for supplying said heater and draft nozzle withexhaust steam from said locomotive cylinders whenever exhaust steam isavailable, the areas of said draft nozzle and said heater orifice beingso :proportioned that the amount of steam discharged through said heaterorice is such-that the amount oi; water in said compartment is. heatedto the desired temperature at about just the time when the amount of thewater inthe boiler between high and low level marks has been consumed,said heater being constructed to circulate the water in said compartmentin proportion to theV amount of steam supplied to it and to dischargewater at the high feed water temperature, a boiler feed water pumpdrawing water from said compartment, and means for maintaining aconstant water level in said compartment at all times when said pump isdrawing water therefrom including means operative positively with eachoperation of said pump for introducing cold water intosaid compartment.

22. Locomotive boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising incombination with a locomotive boiler its cylinder and draft nozzle, of awater heating compartment having approximately the water capacity of theboiler between high and low level water marks, a pump drawing hotrwaterfrom the top part of said compartment and delivering the hot water tosaid boiler, means for introducing cold water into the bottom part ofsaid compartment, a steam heater for the water in said compartmenthaving an orifice discharging steam into intimate contact with thewater, said heater having means for maintaining a stratification of thehot water above and the cold water below it, and means for supplyingsaid heater and draft nozzle with exhaust steam from said cylinderswhenever exhaust steam. is available, said steam orifice and said draftnozzle being so proportioned that the amount of steam supplied to saidheater is sufficient to heat to the desired temperature a weight ofwater equivalent to the weight of exhaust steam, said heater havingmeans to circulate the water in said compartment in proportion to theamount of steam supplied to it and to discharge hot water at the highfeed water temperature above the heater.

23. Locomotive boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising, incombination with the locomotive boiler and its cylinders, of a waterheating compartment having a hot water Zone and a cold water zone,exhaust steam heating means therein, a boiler feed water pump having aninlet in said hot water Zone, means for maintaining a constant level ofwater in said compartment at all times including means operatingpositively with each operation of said pump for introducing cold Waterinto said cold water zone, and means for automatically supplying exhauststeam to said heater in proportion to the water consumption of saidboiler, said heating means having means to circulate the water in saidcompartment in proportion to the amount of steam supplied to it and todischarge hot water at the high feed water temperature into said hotwater Zone.

24. Locomotive boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a tenderhaving a cold water space and a heating compartment, a hot waterwithdrawal conduit opening into the upper part of said compartment,means for introducing cold water from said cold water space into thebottom part of said heating compartment, heating means for the coldwater in said compartment operative to supply the water space of thecompartment above said heating means and at the opening of said conduitwith hot water.

25. Locomotive boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a tenderhaving a cold water space and a heating compartment, a hot waterwithdrawal conduit opening into the upper part of said compartment,means for introducing cold water from said cold water space into thebottom part of said heating compartment, heating means for the water insaid compartment operative to.

supply the water space of the compartment above said heating means andat the opening of said conduit with hot water, and an overflow conduitestablishing communication between the cold water zone in the bottompart of said compartment and said cold water space.

26. Locomotive boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a tenderhaving a cold Water space and a heating compartment, a withdrawalconduit opening into the upper part of said compartment, a boiler feedwater pump located below the opening of said conduit and operative todraw hot water therethrough, a steam heater operative to supply thewater Vspace of the compartment above said heating means and at theopening of said conduit with hot water, and means for maintaining asubstantially constant head of water above said conduit opening whensaid pump is operating including means operatively responsive to theoperation of said pump to introduce cold water from said cold waterspace into the bottom part of said compartment under said heater, and anoverow conduit opening at one end in the cold water Zone in the bottompart of said compartment and at the other end into said cold Waterspace.

27. Locomotive boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a coldWater supply having a variable water level, a heating compartment, aboiler feed water pump located below the level of water in and drawingwater from said compartment, means to maintain a materially highersubstantiallyY constant normal water level in said compartment than themaximum cold water level at all times when said pump is drawing hotwater including means automatically and positively operative in responseto each operation of said pump for transferring water from the coldwater supply to said heating compartment, and exhaust steam means forheating the Water in said heating compartment when exhaust steam isavailable and both when and when not cold water is entering saidcompartment.`

28. Locomotive boiler feed water heating apparatus comprising a tenderhaving a cold water space, a vertical heating compartment that is higherthan the top of the cold water space and has a normal water level abovethe top of said space, exhaust steam means for heating the maintainingsaid normal water level therein constant at all times.

JOEL S. COFFIN, JR. CHRISTOPHER A. SCHELLENS.

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